To address this gap, this study used Mandarin-8.1 version (Chinese Mandarin version), which was localized and revised based on the language and cultural characteristics of the Chinese population. This dearth might curtail the attention dedicated to the societal concern of cognitive impairment and impede the implementation of appropriate early interventions. Nevertheless, as far as our knowledge extends, there exists a deficiency in normative values specifically tailored to the Chinese population and its cultural attributes. Currently, this approach has been implemented in numerous countries. As a result, it is particularly important to make reasonable localization revisions to the MoCA scale and develop appropriate local normative values. However, owing to variations in cultural and linguistic practices across different countries and regions, the performance of MoCA may exhibit variability. Over the past decade, the scale has undergone translation into multiple languages and validation in diverse populations encompassing various ages and educational backgrounds. Over an extended period of MoCA implementation, scores below 26 out of 30 were deemed indicative of cognitive impairment however, empirical investigations have established that despite its high sensitivity, this threshold exhibits limited specificity. The MoCA scale employs cognitive tasks that are rapid, sensitive, and easily manageable, and it has undergone multiple revisions throughout its usage. And it has been widely recognized and widely used in clinical and scientific research. Consequently, it exhibits heightened sensitivity and specificity in detecting cognitive impairment, particularly mild cognitive impairment. In comparison to the MMSE, MoCA incorporates additional tasks to assess visuospatial abilities, as well as specific evaluations of frontal/executive function and attention. Subsequently, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) emerged as a viable alternative, a widely utilized international neuropsychological screening tool, proficient in evaluating a subject’s global cognitive function.

Nevertheless, owing to the absence of executive function assessment, the MMSE demonstrates limited sensitivity in identifying mild cognitive impairment. Historically, the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) served as the widely adopted assessment tool. The early detection and identification of cognitive decline necessitates a straightforward, easily comprehensible, and highly diagnostic tool. These strategies hold the potential to impact long-term outcomes.

Owing to the absence of effective treatments for advanced dementia, the significance of early diagnosis and intervention during the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage has gained widespread recognition as a pivotal approach in disease management. For cognitive disorders, early identification is of paramount importance to maximize the effectiveness of interventions, which may include counseling, psychoeducation, cognitive training, and medication. In 2018 alone, approximately 50 million individuals worldwide were affected by this condition, with projections estimating that the number will triple by 2050, leading to a staggering economic loss of nearly $4 trillion. Age-related cognitive impairment represents a significant public health and social challenge in the contemporary era.

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